Towards Sustainable Fisheries Management: International Examples of Innovation

Fisheries change often carries its own financial rewards. Many reforms and changes which support conservation also result in higher profits and revenue streams for the involved businesses. This makes fisheries a potentially attractive investment arena for many commercial investors, once reform projects are properly structured and agreed upon between conservationists and the involved businesses. As commercial investors and social investors become more involved in the field of fisheries, the scale of the impacts that can be achieved is expected to expand. Foundations in the field are now looking to support this transition from fisheries conservation as a purely philanthropic investment to a blended conservation and business investment by encouraging non-profits, social change leaders and business entrepreneurs to create innovatively structured projects that can both build value for private investors and improve the speed and scale of fisheries conservation impacts. This report aims to support this transition, by providing information about and high-lighting the work of those at the forefront of innovative fisheries finance

Financing Fisheries Change: Learning from Case Studies

The fields of fisheries sustainability and conservation have evolved and grown considerably over the past decade. This evolution, its broad scope and the scale of capital needed for support will require project developers to seek the support and guidance of an array of investors, both in the non-profit and for-profit sectors. Non-profits, social change leaders and business entrepreneurs will need to work together to create innovatively structured projects that can both build value for private investors and improve the speed and scale of fisheries conservation impacts. This report presents case studies of groups who have incorporated innovative financing structures and partnerships into their strategies, and analyzes the lessons learned to offer investors and NGOs guidance for future projects. The 11 cases presented are divided into three groups depending on how conservation and financing strategies are tied together. The groups are:Assuring conservation through ownership: Using equity for asset purchase with an exit strategy.Promoting conservation through targeted lending: Filling credit gaps with debt instruments.Enabling conservation by combining services and capital: Incubating and providing information, connections and financing to promote business developmen

Error Minimization Controlling in Antenna Position

MFs are the main constituents of fuzzy sets. Also the structure of MF put an impact on the inference of system. Various shapes like trapezoidal, triangular & Gaussian are included. The main condition of MF is that value lies in 0 & 1. In this paper, a straightforward approach for designing a Fuzzy PID based controller is presented to evaluate, and presents the performance comparison of fuzzy logic controller with PID controller. The PID controller is implemented using three gains, and the same gain is used for both the input and output variables. The response was analyzed and compared and it shows that the gain is similar in response in terms of rise time and overshoot for both ?/3 and ?/6. According to Fuzzy PID controller system is getting improve in terms of stability. The stability time of the system is getting reduced

Common Parasite With Uncommon Associations

Filaariasis a quite common in some parts of the world including India. It has been reported as an incidental finding in cytology smears. Here we report three cases where microfilariae of Wuchereria Bancrofti were detected incidentally in bone marrow smears, in two cases in special stain slides. All these patients were being investigated for other hematological disorders

A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV patients at ART plus centre, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India

Background: This study aimed to understand the regional variation in the socio-demographic and clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients at antiretroviral therapy plus centre of Sawai Man Singh (SMS) hospital, Jaipur, India.  Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV patients from January to December 2019. The HIV-positive patients of all age groups and all categories were included in the study. The socio-economic status was assessed by BG Prasad classification-based consumer price index. However, the clinical staging was done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of HIV/AIDS. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results: Among 525 HIV patients 59.16% were males, 40.26% females and 0.57% intersex. About half (51.0%) in the reproductive age group with mean age 36 ±13 years. The commonest mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual (89.77%). Maximum belonged to social class I (57.84%) and class II (26.05 %) of BG Prasad's socioeconomic status. Each of the non-agricultural laborers and semi-skilled workers constitutes 18.0%, and the housewives were 23.6%. At the time of presentation, baseline CD4+Tcell count was <350 /mm3 in 55.0% of HIV patients. Pulmonary tuberculosis and skin involvement were the most predominant secondary opportunistic infections accounting for 24.8% and 7.8%, respectively. More than half (52.09%) of patients were in WHO clinical stage I of HIV disease. Conclusion: Socio-demographic and clinical profile of study participants reflect an impact of early case detection and timely institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy

A study of vitamin D levels and associated deficiency in pregnancy and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome

Background: From conception the embryo is dependent on the mother for all nutritional requirements until birth. Vitamin D deficiencies have adverse effect on pregnancy outcome result in poor growth, prematurity, NTD, even congenital anomalies. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies among pregnant woman attending M.Y. Hospital and assess the correlation with the pregnancy complications.Methods: Total 110 patients were studied for vitamin d levels and associated obstetrical complications and risk factors over a period of six months. 53 pregnant women were found to be deficient with vitamin D.Results: 53 pregnant women out of total of 110 were deficient in vitamin D levels. Maximum patients belonged to group (21-30yr) of age. Vitamin D deficiency was more in housewives (65.3%) and in urban(86.8%). Low birth weight<2.5kg were born 50(45.5%) and 2 IUD. 2 were diagnosed NTD in USG reports. 80% low birth weight babies were born in vitamin D deficient women.Conclusions: Our study fails to show a causal relation between low vitamin D level and adverse maternal and fetal outcome in terms of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, oligo and diabetes. There was a relation between vitamin D deficiency and low birth weight babies

Social Contagion and the Institutionalisation of GRI-based Sustainability Reporting Practices

Peer reviewedPostprin

Effect of hyperglycemia and neuropeptides on interleukin-8 expression and angiogenesis in dermal microvascular endothelial cells

BackgroundImpaired wound healing is a major complication associated with diabetes, involving a dysregulation and impairments in the inflammatory and angiogenic phases of wound healing. Here, we examine the effects of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) on dermal microvascular endothelial cell (DMVEC) angiogenesis and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression, a known effector of the neuropeptide pathways in normal and hyperglycemic conditions in vitro.MethodsDMVECs are treated with one of four glucose concentrations: 1) 5 mM glucose; 2) 10 mM glucose; 3) 30 mM glucose; or 4) 30 mM mannitol and cotreated with 100 nM NPY, 100 nM SP, or 10 ng/mL IL-8. Angiogenesis is assessed with proliferation and tube formation assays. IL-8 mRNA and protein expression are evaluated at days 1 and 7.ResultsAs compared with noromoglycemia (5 mM glucose), hyperglycemia (30 mM glucose) decreases DMVEC proliferation and tube formation by 39% and 42%, respectively. SP cotreatment restores DMVEC proliferation (211%) and tube formation (152%), and decreases IL-8 expression (34%) in DMVECs exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. These effects are not observed with NPY. However, IL-8 treatment by itself does not affect proliferation or tube formation, suggesting that the effect of SP on DMVEC angiogenesis is unlikely through changes in IL-8 expression.ConclusionHyperglycemic conditions impair DMVEC proliferation and tube formation. SP mitigates the effect of hyperglycemia on DMVECs by increasing DMVEC proliferation and tube formation. These findings are not likely to be related to a dysregulation of IL-8 due to the lack of effects of hyperglycemia on IL-8 expression and the lack of effect of IL-8 on DMVEC proliferation and tube formation. The effect of SP on DMVECs makes SP a promising potential target for therapy in impaired wound healing in diabetes, but the exact mechanism remains unknown.Clinical RelevanceChronic diabetic foot ulceration, as a result of impaired wound healing in diabetes, is the source of a vast quantity of hospitalizations and lower extremity amputations across the nation. Normal wound healing involves the bidirectional signaling and interaction between a multitude of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides, and previous research has demonstrated a dysregulation in the expression and activity of these molecules in diabetes. This work evaluates the effect of hyperglycemic conditions and neuropeptides on DMVECs, a cell type fundamental to the wound healing process, but in which research is currently limited. The discovery of a molecule, which promotes angiogenesis in hyperglycemic conditions would be a promising therapeutic target for impaired wound healing in diabetes. In addition, the determination of the effects of these neuropeptides and cytokines on DMVECs could elucidate other potential therapies, which could decrease wound-healing time and improve overall wound healing in other realms of medicine

An unusual case report of basal cell adenoma: a diagnostic enchanter

Oral lesions show a wide range of biologic behaviours. There are various lesions which may mimic others and present in such an unusual manner thus making them very difficult to diagnose clinico-pathologically. An accurate diagnosis is not only important for correct treatment planning but also for determination of prognosis. Thus, it is very important for a surgical pathologist to be aware of the various atypical presentations of the lesions. The present unusual case report of basal cell adenoma occurring on upper lip with frank areas of calcifications and abundant inspissated mucoid secretions is an example of one such case. BCA is an uncommon benign epithelial salivary gland neoplasm. It is one of the nine subcategories of salivary gland epithelial tumours according to WHO 2005 classification of salivary gland tumors. It is composed of basaloid cells organized with a prominent basal cell layer and distinct basement membrane-like structure and no myxochondroid stromal component as seen in pleomorphic adenomas. To our best knowledge, no case in English literature has been reported BCA with exuberant inspissated mucoid secretions and frank areas of calcifications to such a large extent and this is the first case to report the same